Xeranthemum annuum 'Lumina Double Mixed'

Xeranthemum annuum ‘Lumina Double Mixed’ is one of the prettiest of the everlasting flowers. A hardy annual long cherished for its simple charm. It produces a profusion of dainty, double-crested blooms, each 2 to 5cm wide.
In a harmonious blend of white, lilac, rose-purple and violet. The papery petals have a soft satin sheen and a delicate texture, standing gracefully above silver-green foliage on wiry, branching stems.They give a bright, balanced display for borders and dried arrangements.

Flowering begins in early summer and continues freely right through to autumn, with the blossoms remaining open even in dull weather. Ideal for borders and cutting gardens, they make delightful fresh flowers and, when dried, retain both shape and colour, providing decoration well into winter.
Xeranthemum thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, even where conditions are poor. Although usually grown as a quick and easy annual, in frost-free climates where temperatures do not drop below –1°C (30°F), it can behave as a perennial.
They are remarkably free-flowering, beginning in early summer and carrying on until the first frosts, with blooms that stay open even in dull weather. In frost-free areas, above –1°C, plants may overwinter as short-lived perennials, though they are most often grown as easy, fast annuals.

Known in Victorian times as an 'everlasting' or 'immortelle,' it was a favourite for dried bouquets, wreaths, and memorial work. Its lasting quality and rich colours made it symbolic of remembrance, and it became a staple of parlour decorations when fresh flowers were scarce in winter. It remains one of the finest choices for border colour and for everlasting arrangements. Their papery petals retain both colour and form, ensuring a supply of cheerful winter decoration.

Sowing: Sow in early spring indoors or direct sow once all risk of frost has passed
Choose a position with a well-drained soil that is moist to on the dry side; they will tolerate drought and will even thrive in poor ground where other annuals sulk. Ideally they should be exposed to the sun half the day or more.

Sowing Indoors:
Sow into individual pots or trays of seed compost. Use well drained soil and cover lightly. Keep the compost moist. Germination will take place in 10 to 14 days at around 18°C. Prick out to individual pots, transplant into 7.5cm (3in) pots or trays.
When seedlings are large enough to handle, prick out into individual 7.5cm (3in) pots and grow on in cooler conditions before hardening off and planting out after the last frost.
Gradually acclimatise to outdoor conditions for 10 to 15 days before planting out in growing position after the last expected frosts. Space 25cm (10in) apart.

Sowing Direct:
Sow directly outdoors from April to June once the soil has warmed. Prepare the ground well and rake to a fine tilth. If sowing more than one annual in the same bed, mark the sowing areas with a ring of sand and label.
Sow 5mm (¼ in) deep in rows 7cm (3in) apart. Sow sparingly or they will choke out other seedlings. Keep soil moist during germination.
The seedlings will appear in rows approx 3 to 4 weeks after planting and can be easily told from nearby weed seedlings. Thin the seedlings out as necessary so they are finally 25 to 30cm (10 to 12in) apart. Carefully replant thinned plants.

Cultivation:
Feed with a fertiliser low in phosphorus. Water regularly. Do not allow the soil to become bone dry, or the plant will die.
A moist soil is better, but it needs good drainage, established plants can take some drought. Remove spent flowers to encourage further blooming

Harvesting:
Cut stems when the papery florets are half open, before the centres are fully exposed. In water they last a week or more, bringing a crisp note to mixed bouquets.

Dried Flowers:
The Immortelle is essential for dried flowers bouquets and wreaths. Cut when the buds begin to open and hang them by the stem, upside down in small bunches in a shady dry area for a couple of weeks before being used. If they are left to dry on the plant, they turn tan or light brown so need to be cut and left to dry with their heads down.

Origin:
Xeranthemum annuum, the true Annual Everlasting, is native to southern and eastern Europe and western Asia, where it grows wild in dry meadows, open grasslands, and rocky slopes. Adapted to hot summers and poor soils, it was admired for centuries for its silvery foliage and papery flowers that seemed to defy time.
The species was formally described and named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in his Species Plantarum, and by the 16th and 17th centuries it was already being cultivated in European gardens. Its enduring qualities later made it a staple of Victorian dried-flower arrangements, where it was widely known as an “Immortelle.”

Nomenclature:
Named by Linnaeus in 1753, the genus name Xeranthemum is from Greek xeros meaning 'dry' and anthemon 'flower'. Literally 'dry flower'
The species name annuum simply means that it is an annual flower.
The alternative species name bracteatum comes from Latin bractea, meaning a thin plate or scale, and in botany it refers to a bract, those modified, leaf-like structures that sit just beneath a flower head. So bracteatum literally means 'having conspicuous bracts' or 'bract-bearing.' In Xeranthemum bracteatum, it describes the showy, papery bracts that look like petals and give the 'everlasting' flowers their colour and texture.
The plant long known as Xeranthemum bracteatum has been reclassified several times as botanists refined the daisy family tree. You may also see it listed as Helichrysum bracteatum, Bracteantha bracteata or, more correctly today, Xerochrysum bracteatum. Seed catalogues often keep the older name because it is familiar to gardeners. To add to the confusion, Xeranthemum annuum is sometimes mistakenly used, but this is a different species altogether. Whatever the label, these are the same much-loved 'Everlastings' or 'Strawflowers' that have filled borders and dried bouquets since Victorian times.

The Everlasting Clan:
Several plants are grouped under the name 'everlastings' or 'strawflowers,' (and in Dutch 'Strobloem') prized for their papery blooms that keep their colour when dried.
They belong to the daisy family but sit in different genera, which explains the jumble of names you may find on labels and in books:

• Ammobium alatum (Winged Everlasting) — white flowers with a yellow eye, delicate filler in fresh and dried work.
  
• Catananche caerulea (Cupid’s Dart) — short-lived perennial with papery blue daisies, also white form. dries well.
  
• Craspedia globosa (Drumstick Flower or Billy Buttons) — tight yellow spheres on long, wiry stems. Very popular in modern floristry
  
• Gomphrena globosa (Globe Amaranth) — rounded flowerheads in purple, pink, and white, widely grown for dried work.
  
• Helichrysum species (Everlasting Daisy, Curry Plant, Licorice Plant) – a broad group; some ornamental, others prized for silvery foliage or aromatic leaves.
  
• Helipterum roseum (Acroclinium, Swan River Daisy) — neat annual everlasting with pink, red or white papery blooms.
  
• Limonium sinuatum (Sea Lavender) — stiff stems with papery bracts, often used in commercial dried arrangements.
  
• Rhodanthe chlorocephala (Pink Paper Daisy) — an Australian everlasting with soft pink blooms.
  
• Xerochrysum bracteatum (Strawflower, Golden Everlasting) — also sold as Xeranthemum or Helichrysum bracteatum.
  
• Xeranthemum annuum (Annual Everlasting) — a true Xeranthemum, with silvery foliage and papery white to violet flowers.